Notes

Buglossa

Ancusa

Ancusa (text)

Buglossa

Buglossa (text)

buglosse

De βούνλοσσζ, langue de bœuf: mot composé de βοϋζ[?], bœuf, et γλωσσα, langue.

bugloss

Nicander, Theriaca 541. Consider now the excellent root of albicius’s bugloss: its prickly leaves grow ever thick upon it.

Bugloss

Pliny xxv. 8, § 40.

buglosse

Iungitur huic buglossos boum linguae similis, cui praecipuum quod in vinum deiecta animi voluptates auget, et vocatur euphrosynum.

Akin to the plantain is buglossos, which is like the tongue of an ox. The most conspicuous quality of this is that thrown into wine it increases the exhilarating effect, and so it is also called euphrosynum, the plant that cheers.

buglossse

De βονζ, bœuf, γλωσσα, langue, allusion à l’aspect des feuilles: «bouglossos, boum linguæ similem,» dit Pline, XXV, 40. La buglosse de Pline est, pour Sprengel et Cazin, notre vulgaire bourrache, Borrago officinalis, L.; pour Fée, Anchisa paniculata, Ait. Sainéan (H. N. R., 122) rapporte la buglosse de Rabelais à Anchusa italica, Retz.

pas similitude

Toutes ces plantes, dans De latinis nominibus, sauf pour le delphinium.

Buglosse

De βοῦζ, «bœuf», et , γλὡσσα, «langue» (Pline, XXV, xl).

buglosse

bugloss. Forms: buglosse, buglose, buglos), bugloss. [adopted from French buglosse: Latin buglossa, adaptation of Greek bouglwssoj, formed on bouj ox + glwssa tongue, from the shape and roughness of the leaves.]

A name applied to several boraginaceous plants, particularly the small, corn, or field bugloss (Lycopsis or Anchusa arvensis); viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare), and other species of Echium; also by some old herbalists to Helminthia echioides, prickly ox-tongue.

Notes

Laurus

Laurus nobilis L.

Lorbeerbaum
Laurus
(Laurus nobilis L.)

Daphne

Daphne

Ov. Met i. 452-567.

Daphne

Now the first love of Phoebus was Daphne, daughter of Peneus, the river-god. It was no blind chance that gave this love, but the malicious wrath of Cupid. Delian Apollo, while still exulting over his conquest of the serpent, had seen him bending his bow with tight-drawn string, and had said: “What hast thou to do with the arms of men, thou wanton boy? That weapon befits my shoulders; for I have strength to give unerring wounds to the wild beasts, my foes, and have but now laid low the Python swollen with countless darts, covering whole acres with plague-engendering form. Do thou be content with thy torch to light the hidden fires of love, and lay not claim to my honours.” And to him Venus’ son replied: “Thy dart may pierce all things else, Apollo, but mine shall pierce thee; and by as much as all living things are less than deity, by so much less is thy glory than mine.” So saying he shook his wings and, dashing upward through the air, quickly alighted on the shady peak of Parnasus. There he took from his quiver two darts of opposite effect: one puts to flight, the other kindles the flame of love. The one which kindles love is of gold and has a sharp, gleaming point; the other is blunt and tipped with lead. This last the god fixed in the heart of Peneus’ daughter, but with the other he smote Apollo, piercing even unto the bones and marrow. Straightway he burned with love; but she fled the very name of love, rejoicing in the deep fastnesses of the woods, and in the spoils of beasts which she had snared, vying with the virgin Phoebe. A single fillet bound her locks all unarranged. Many sought her; but she, averse to all suitors, impatient of control and without thought for man, roamed the pathless woods, nor cared at all that Hymen, love, or wedlock might be. Often her father said: “Daughter, you owe me a son-in-law”; and often: “Daughter, you owe me grandsons.” But she, hating the wedding torch as if it were a thing of evil, would blush rosy red over her fair face, and, clinging around her father’s neck with coaxing arms, would say: “O father, dearest, grant me to enjoy perpetual virginity. Her father has already granted this to Diana.” He, indeed, yielded to her request. But that beauty of thine, Daphne, forbade the fulfilment of thy desire, and thy form fitted not with thy prayer. Phoebus loves Daphne at sight, and longs to wed her; and what he longs for, that he hopes; and his own gifts of prophecy deceive him. And as the stubble of the harvested grain is kindled, as hedges burn with the torches which some traveller has chanced to put too near, or has gone off and left at break of day, so was the god consumed with flames, so did he burn in all his heart, and feed his fruitless love on hope. He looks at her hair hanging down her neck in disarray, and says: “What if it were arrayed?” He gazes at her eyes gleaming like stars, he gazes upon her lips, which but to gaze on does not satisfy. He marvels at her fingers, hands, and wrists, and her arms, bare to the shoulder; and what is hid he deems still lovelier. But she flees him swifter than the fleeting breeze, nor does she stop when he calls after her: “O nymph, O Peneus’ daughter, stay! I who pursue thee am no enemy. Oh stay! So does the lamb flee from the wolf; the deer from the lion; so do doves on fluttering wing flee from the eagle; so every creature flees its foes. But love is the cause of my pursuit. Ah me! I fear that thou wilt fall, or brambles mar thy innocent limbs, and I be cause of pain to thee. The region here is rough through which thou hastenest. Run with less speed, I pray, and hold thy flight. I, too, will follow with less speed. Nay, stop and ask who thy lover is. I am no mountain-dweller, no shepherd I, no unkempt guardian here of flocks and herds. Thou knowest not, rash one, thou knowest not whom thou fleest, and for that reason dost thou flee. Mine is the Delphian land, and Claros, Tenedos, and the realm of Patara acknowledge me as lord. Jove is my father. By me what shall be, has been, and what is are all revealed; by me the lyre responds in harmony to song. My arrow is sure of aim, but oh, one arrow, surer than my own, has wounded my heart but now so fancy free. The art of medicine is my discovery. I am called Help-Bringer throughout the world, and all the potency of herbs is given unto me. Alas, that love is curable by no herbs, and the arts which heal all others cannot heal their lord!”

He would have said more, but the maiden pursued her frightened way and left him with his words unfinished, even in her desertion seeming fair. The winds bared her limbs, the opposing breezes set her garments a-flutter as she ran, and a light air flung her locks streaming behind her. Her beauty was enhanced by flight. But the chase drew to an end, for the youthful god would not longer waste his time in coaxing words, and urged on by love, he pursued at utmost speed. Just as when a Gallic hound has seen a hare in an open plain, and seeks his prey on flying feet, but the hare, safety; he, just about to fasten on her, now, even now thinks he has her, and grazes her very heels with his outstretched muzzle; but she knows not whether she be not already caught, and barely escapes from those sharp fangs and leaves behind the jaws just closing on her: so ran the god and maid, he sped by hope and she by fear. But he ran the more swiftly, borne on the wings of love, gave her no time to rest, hung over her fleeing shoulders and breathed on the hair that streamed over her neck. Now was her strength all gone, and, pale with fear and utterly overcome by the toil of her swift flight, seeing her father’s waters near, she cried: “O father, help! if your waters hold divinity; change and destroy this beauty by which I pleased o’er well.” Scarce had she thus prayed when a down-dragging numbness seized her limbs, and her soft sides were begirt with thin bark. Her hair was changed to leaves, her arms to branches. Her feet, but now so swift, grew fast in sluggish roots, and her head was now but a tree’s top. Her gleaming beauty alone remained.
But even now in this new form Apollo loved her; and placing his hand upon the trunk, he felt the heart still fluttering beneath the bark. He embraced the branches as if human limbs, and pressed his lips upon the wood. But even the wood shrank from his kisses. And the god cried out to this: “Since thou canst not be my bride, thou shalt at least be my tree. My hair, my lyre, my quiver shall always be entwined with thee, O laurel. With thee shall Roman generals wreathe their heads, when shouts of joy shall acclaim their triumph, and long processions climb the Capitol. Thou at Augustus’ portals shalt stand a trusty guardian, and keep watch over the civic crown of oak which hangs between. And as my head is ever young and my locks unshorn, so do thou keep the beauty of thy leaves perpetual.” Paean was done. The laurel waved her new-made branches, and seemed to move her head-like top in full consent.

laurier, de Daphne

Laurus nobilis L. Laurier (Lauracée.) Selon la fable, Daphné, fille du fleuve Pénée, fuyant les poursuites d’Apollon, fut métamorphosée en laurier par les dieux.

Primus amor Phœbi Daphne Peneia…
—Ovide, Mét., I, 452

daphne

Thus daphne, or laurel, after Daphne, the nymph who escaped Apollo’s pursuit by the metamorphosis…

Daphné

Ovide, Métamorphoses, I, v. 452; Daphné, fuyant les poursuivres d’Apollon, fut changée en laurier.

par Metamorphose d’hommes et femmes…

Dans son Officina, Ravisius Textor dresse une longue liste des «Mutati in varias formas» ou l’on trouve Daphné, Narcisse, Crocus (safran) et Smilax. L’origine attribuee au myrte est rapportée par les commentateurs de Dioscoride; celle de pitys (le pin), par Lucien, Dial. des dieux, 22,4, et par les Géoponiques, mais aussi par Cœlius Rhodingus, Antiquae Lectiones, XXV, 2. Celle de cinara (l’artichaut) est dans le livre d’Estienne.

Daphné

Daphne [Greek dafnh the laurel or bay-tree: in Mythology a nymph fabled to have been metamorphosed into a laurel.]

The laurel.

Notes

Nasturcium

Menta platearius

Nasturcium

nasturtium

Nasturtium hortense
Gartenkress
Taxon: Lepidium sativum L.
Ancient Greek: kardamon
English: garden cress

nasturtium

nasturtium nomen accepit a narium tormento, et inde vigoris significatio proverbio usurpavit id vocabulum veluti torporem excitantis. in Arabia mirae amplitudinis dicitur gigni.

Cress has got its Latin name [Nasturtium = ‘nostril-tormenter’, from naris and torqueo] from the pain that it gives to the nostrils, and owing to this the sense of vigorousness has attached itself to that word in the current expression [Ἔσθιε κάρδαμον, ‘eat some Cress’, said to sluggish people], as denoting a stimulant. It is said to grow to a remarkably large size in Arabia.

nasturtium

E contrario nasturtium venerem inhibet, animum exacuit, ut diximus. duo eius genera. album alvum purgat, detrahit bilem potum X pondere in aquae vii. strumis cum lomento inlitum opertumque brassica praeclare medetur. alterum est nigrius, quod capitis vitia purgat, visum compurgat, commotas mentes sedat ex aceto sumptum, lienem ex vino potum vel cum fico sumptum, tussim ex melle. si cotidie ieiuni sumant. semen ex vino omnia intestinorum animalia pellit, efficacius addito mentastro. prodest et contra suspiria et tussim cum origano et vino dulci, pectoris doloribus decoctum in lacte caprino. panos discutit cum pice extrahitque corpori aculeos et maculas inlitum ex aceto, contra carcinomata adicitur ovorum album. et lienibus inlinitur ex aceto, infantibus vero e melle utilissime. Sextius adicit ustum serpentes fugare, scorpionibus resistere, capitis dolores contrito, alopecias emendari addito sinapi, gravitatem aurium trito inposito auribus cum fico, dentium dolores infuso in aures suco, porriginem concoquit cum fermento. carbunculos ad suppurationem perducit et rumpit, phagedaenas ulcerum expurgat cum melle. coxendicibus et lumbis cum polenta ex aceto inlinitur, item licheni, unguibus scabris, quippe natura eius caustica est. optimum autem Babylonium, silvestri ad omnia ea effectus maior.

On the other hand cress is antaphrodisiac, but as we have already said sharpens the senses. There are two varieties of it. The white acts as a purge, and carries bile away if one denarius by weight of it be taken in seven of water. It is an excellent cure for scrofula if applied with bean meal and covered with a cabbage leaf. The other kind, which is darker, purges away peccant humours of the head, clears the vision, calms if taken in vinegar troubled minds, and benefits the spleen when drunk in wine or eaten with a fig, or a cough if taken in honey, provided that the dose be repeated daily and administered on an empty stomach. The seed in wine expels all parasites of the intestines, more effectively however if there be added wild mint. Taken with wild marjoram and sweet wine it is good for asthma and cough, and a decoction in goat’s milk relieves pains in the chest. Applied with pitch it disperses superficial abscesses; applied in vinegar it extracts thorns from the body and removes spots. When used for carcinoma white of egg is added. It is applied in vinegar to the spleen, but with babies it is best applied in honey. Sextius adds that burnt cress keeps away serpents, and neutralizes scorpion stings; that the pounded plant relieves head-ache, and mange, if mustard be added; that pounded and placed with fig on the ears it relieves hardness of hearing, and toothache if its juice be poured into the ears; and that dandruff and sores on the head are removed if the juice be applied with goose grease. Boils it brings to a head if applied with leaven. It makes carbuncles suppurate and break, and with honey it cleanses phagedaenic ulcers. With pearl barley it is applied in vinegar for sciatica and lumbago, likewise for lichen and rough nails, because its nature is caustic. The best kind, however, is the Babylonian; the wild variety for all the purposes mentioned is the more efficacious.

Alenois

Alenois. Cresson Alenois. Kers, garden cresses, town kars, towne cresses.

Cresson Alenois

Parmi les Cris de Paris, mis en rime par Guillaume de la Villeneuve, qui est le 117. des Poëtes François mentionnez dans le Recuil de Fauchet, on lit: voez cy Creſſon Orlenois; & dans Froiſſart, vol. 2. chap. 161 l’Orléanois eſt appelé Orlenois.

cresson alenois

Parmi les Cris de Paris, mis en rime par Guillaume de La Villeneuve, qui est le cent-dix-septième des poëts françois mentionnez dans la recueil de Fauchet, on lit veez cy cresson orlenois; et dans Froissart, vol. II, chap. CLXI, l’Orléanois est appelé Orlénois. (L.)

Alenoir

Alenoir, allée, passage, chemin, galerie crénelée.

Nasturtium

“Nomen accipit a narium tormento” (Pliny xix. 8, § 44).

nasturtium

Nasturtium, de nasus torsus, parce que sa saveur âcre fait froncer les ailes du nez. «Nomen accepit a narium tormento,» dit Pline, XIX, 44, qui parle encore du nasturtium au l. XX, ch. 50. — En langue d’oc, nasitord (Duschesne, 1544) ou, par corruption, nasicord (1536). Le cresson alénois est Lepidium sativum, L. Le nom de nasturtium a été transféré par la nomenclature moderne au cresson de fontaine, Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. (Paul Delaunay)

nasturtium

thus nasturtium, derived from nasus torsus or twisted nose, because its scent causes nasal gymnastics (in France it is called nostrilcress)…

nommés pas leurs vertus et operations

Sauf pour le lichen, tous les détails sont dans De latinis nominibus («Alysson … dicitur (ut ait Galenus) quod mirifice morsus a cane rabido curet. [gk] enim rabiem significat. Ephemerium… quo die sumptum fuerit (ut nominis ipsa ratio ostendit) intermit. Bechion autem appellatum est, quod [gk], id es tusses … juvet. Nasturtium, cresson alenois … dicitur a torquendis naribus. Hyoscame, faba suis, vulgo hannebane, … dicitur … quot pastu ejus convellantur sues ». R. a mal lu ses notes, faisant de hanebanes une plante différente de l’hyoscame.

Nasturtium

Nasitord, qui fait froncer le nez par son odeur (Pline, XIX, xliv, et XX, l).

cress

cress. Forms: cresse, cerse, cærse, kerse, arse, crasse, kers, cres, cresse, kars, karsse, cress [OE. cresse, cerse = OLG. *kressa fem., MDutch, MLG. kerse, Dutch kers (also MLG. karse, LG. (Bremen) kasse), Old High German chressa formed on (chresso m.), Middle High German and modern German kresse, apparently of native origin: -Old Teutonic *krasjôn, from root of Old High German chresan to creep, as if `creeper’. The Danish karse, Swedish krasse, Norweigan kars, Lettish kresse, Russian kress, appear to be adopted from German. The synonymous Romanic words, Italian crescione, French cresson, Picard kerson, Catalan crexen, medieval Latin crissonus (9th century Littré) are generally held to be from German, though popularly associated with Latin crescere to grow (as if from a Latin type crescion-em) with reference to the rapid growth of the plant.]

The common name of various cruciferous plants, having mostly edible leaves of a pungent flavour. (Until 19th c. almost always in pleural; sometimes construed with a verb in the singular.) Specifically garden cress, Lepidium sativum, or watercress, Nasturtium officinale.

With defining words, applied to many different cruciferous plants, and occasionally to plants of other Natural Orders resembling cress in flavour or appearance

nasturtium

nasturtium [adopted from Latin nasturtium, so named, according to Pliny, from its pungency (`nomen accepit a narium tormento’): compare French nasitort.]

A genus of cruciferous plants having a pungent taste, of which the best-known representative is the Watercress (N. officinale); also, a plant belonging to this genus.

Notes

Balanus

Balanus (text)

Castanea

Castanea (text)

castanea

Castanea
Kesten

castanes

Urquhart has “Gastanes;” Ozell notes “Read Castanes. From Castana, a city of Thessaly, which abounds with Chesnut-trees, or as Cooper writes it, Chesten-tree or Nut.”

Chestnuts

From the old Magnesian or Thessalian city Castanaea (Pomp. Mela, ii 3, 35). According to Pliny (xv. 23, § 25), they came originally from Sardis.

Castanea

Tum Macedonum populi aliquot urbes habitant, quarum Pelle est et maxima et inlustris. …a Peneo ad Sepiada Corynthya, Meliboea, Castanaea pares ad famam nisi quod Philoctetes alumnus Meliboean inluminat.

(Then the Macedonian peoples inhabit a number of cities, of which Pelle is expecially renowned. … From the Peneus to Point Sepias are Eurtymenae, Meliboea, and Castanea, all equally famous except that Philoctetes, its native son, ennobles Meliboea. — F.E. Romer translation)

castanes

Nuces vocamus et castaneas, quamquam accommodatiores glandium generi. armatum his echinato calyce vallum, quod inchoatum glandibus, mirumque vilissima esse quae tanta occultaverit cura naturae. trini quibusdam partus ex uno calyce; cortexque lentus, proxima vero corpori membrana et in his et in nucibus saporem, ni detrahatur, infestat. torrere has in cibis gratius, modo molantur, et praestant ieiunio feminarum quandam imaginem panis. Sardibus hae provenere primum: ideo apud Graecos Sardianos balanos appellant, nam Dios balanu nomen postea inposuere excellentioribus satu factis.

We give the name of nut to the chestnut also, although it seems to fit better into the acorn class. The chestnut has its armed rampart in its bristling shell, which in the acorn is only partly developed, and it is surprising that what nature has taken such pains to conceal should be the least valuable of things. Some chestnuts produce three nuts from one shell; and the skin is tough, but next to the body of the nut there is a membrane which both in the chestnut and the walnut spoils the taste if it is not peeled off. It is more agreeable as a food when roasted, provided it is ground up, and it supplies a sort of imitation bread for women when they are keeping a fast. They came first from Sardis, and consequently they are called nuts of Sardis among the Greeks, for the name of Zeus’s nut was given them later, after they had been improved by cultivation.

castanes

Castana vulgaris, Lam. Châtaignier. Amentacée probablement indigène en Europe, mais que Pomponius Mela (II, 3, 35) dit originaire de Castanea, ville de Magnésie. [Note: Mela does not appear to attribute the origin of castanes to Castanea, he merely mentions that there is a town in Magnesia of that name.] Pline dit, au contraire (XV, 25) : « Sardibus eæ provenere primum ». (Paul Delaunay)

castanea

castanea, or chestnut, from Castanea, a city of Magnesia, in northeastern Greece…

castanes

castane. Also casteyn(e, kasteyne, castany, astainy. [adopted from Old Norman French castanie, castaine (modern French châtaigne): Latin castanea chestnut.]

A chestnut (obsolete)

Notes

sejour

Sejour: A lingering, stay, leisure, delay, also, residence, tarriance, a remaining or sojourning in one place, also, a place of residence, or for abode, a place to sojourne, rest, or stay in.
Fol de sejour. An idle fellow, one that hath little to do.
Sejourné: Lingered, sojourned, stayed, remained, resident in a place.
Un homme sejourné: Refreshed by rest, or leisure-taking, and thereby the more fit to returne unto his former toyle.
Sejourner. To sojourne, tarrie, stay, remain, be resident in; to pawse, linger, delay, take leisure; to intermit either studie, or other employment; to make holyday; also, to leave, let stay, give leisure unto.7

Roys de sejour

Desœuvrez.

Roys de sejour

L’auteur traite ici plaisamment de rois de séjour tout ces petits rois, comme pour dire qu’il falloit qu’ils fussent bien desœuvrés pour s’entrefaire ainis la guerre pour tel sujet. Du reste, tout ceci est pris de Pline, liv. XXV, chap. 6 et 7; et Rabelais, par cette épithetre qu’il donne à ces roitlets, semble avoir voulu adopter le sentiment de Plutarque, in Demetrio, n° 6, où il donne a ce prince belliqueux la préférences sur Attalus Philométor et sur d’autres rois, qui avoient mis leur principale gloire à connoître la vertu des plants. Voyes Le Clerc, Histoire de la médecine, part I, liv. III, chap. III (L.) — De séjour, pour de loisir, désœvrés. Voyez le prologue du livre I.

seiour

Désœuvrés.

sejour

Sejour: voir Sojorn
Sojorn: sujurn, sojor, sejour, sujur, sugur, le fait de demeurer quelque temps dans un lieu. Lieu ou l’on séjourne. Repos.

Chacun devoit rendre raison de ses actions, non pas de son sejour.
— Montaigne, Essais, l. III, ch. ix.

Crier sojorn, commander la halte, faire arreter.
A sojorn, en repos, en paix, tranquillement.
Séjour du roi, dépot des chevaux de la vénerie, ou d’un autre service placé près du roi.

sojourn

sojourn (v): late 13c., “stay temporarily, reside for a time; visit;” also “reside permanently, dwell;” from Old French sojorner “stay or dwell for a time,” from Vulgar Latin *subdiurnare “to spend the day,” from Latin sub– “under, until” + diurnus “of a day,” from diurnum “day” (see diurnal). French séjourner formed via vowel dissimilation.

sojourn (n.) mid-13c., “temporary stay, visit,” from Anglo-French sojorn, variant of Old French sejorn, from sejorner “stay or dwell for a time.”

Cappadoce

Cappadocian. Also Capadocian.

Of or pertaining to Cappadocia or its inhabitants. An inhabitant of Cappadocia, an ancient kingdom of Asia Minor, now part of Turkey. The language of the Cappadocians.

Notes

Chanvriers

Les chanvriers des bords du Rhin — La récolte

Tirer

Tirer. To draw, drag, trayle; tow, hale, pull, plucke, lug, tug, twitch; bring, lead, along, or towards; also, to stretch, retch, dilate, extend, wiredraw; also to dart, shoot, sling, fling, hurle, cast, throw, pitch fromwards.

vaille

Vaillant: m. A man’s whole estate, or worth; all his substance, meanes, fortunes

Notes

Ferula

Ferula (text)

Fennel

ateriariam Daedalus, et in ea serram, asciam, perpendiculum, terebram, glutinum, ichthyocollam; normam autem et libellam et tornum et clavem Theodorus Samius, mensuras et pondera Phidon Argivus, aut Palamedes ut maluit. Gellius; ignem e silice Pyrodes Cilicis filius, eundem adservare Prometheus, vehiculum cum quattuor rotis Phryges, mercaturas Poeni, culturam vitium et arborum Eumolpus Atheniensis, vinum aquae miscere Staphylus Sileni filius, oleum et trapetas Aristaeus Atheniensis, idem mella; bovem et aratrum Buzyges Atheniensis, ut alii Triptolemus; regiam civitate Aegyptii, popularem Attici post Theseum. tyrannus primus fuit Phalaris Agraganti. servitium invenere Lacedaemonii. iudicium capitis in Areopago primum actum est.

Carpentry was invented by Daedalus, and with it the saw, axe, plumb-line, gimlet, glue, isinglass; but the square, the plummet, the lathe and the lever by Theodorus of Samos, measures and weights by Phidon of Argos, or, as Gellius preferred, Palamedes; fire from flint by Pyrodes son of Cilix, the storing of fire in a fennel-stalk by Prometheus; a vehicle with four wheels by the Phrygians, trade by the Phoenicians, viticulture and arboriculture by Eumolpus of Athens, diluting wine with water by Staphylus son of Silenus, oil and oil-mills by Aristaeus of Athens, honey by the same; the ox and the plough by Buzyges of Athens, or, as others say, by Triptolemus; monarchical government by the Egyptians, republican by the Athenians after Theseus. The first tyrant was Phalaris at Girgenti. Slavery was invented by the Spartans. Capital trials were first carried on in the Areopagus.

ferula

Fennel-giant makes very agreeable fodder for the ass; to other beasts of burden, however, it is a quick poison. For this reason the animal is sacred to Father Liber, as is also fennel-giant. Lifeless things also, even the most insignificant, have each their own special poisons.

ferule

Et ferulam inter externas dixisse conveniat arborumque generi adscripsisse, quoniam quarundam naturae, sicuti distinguemus, lignum omne corticis loco habent forinsecus, ligni autem loco fungosam intus medullam ut sabuci, quaedam vero inanitatem ut harundines. calidis nascitur locis atque trans maria, geniculatis nodata scapis. duo eius genera: nartheca Graeci vocant adsurgentem in altitudinem, nartheciam vero semper humilem. a genibus exeunt folia maxima ut quaeque terrae proxima; cetera natura eadem quae aneto, et fructu simili. nulli fruticum levitas maior; ob id gestatu facilis baculorum usum senectuti praebet.

It may be suitable to have fennel giant [Ferula communis] mentioned among the exotics and assigned to the genus ‘tree,’ inasmuch as the structure of some plants, in the classification that we shall adopt, has the whole of the wood outside in place of bark and inside, in place of wood, a fungous pith like that of the elder, though some have an empty hollow inside like reeds. This fennel grows in hot countries over sea; its stalk is divided by knotted joints. It has two varieties, one called in Greek narthex, which rises to some height, the other narthecia, which always grows low. From the joints shoot out very large leaves, the larger the nearer to the ground; but in other respects it has the same nature as the dill, and the fruit is similar. No shrub supplies a wood of lighter weight, and consequently it is easy to carry, and supplies walking-sticks to be used by old gentlemen.

La ferula

cirrata loris horridis Scythae pellis,
qua vapulavit Marsyas Celaenaeus,
ferulaeque tristes, sceptra paedagogorum,
cessent et Idus dormiant in Octobres

Schoolmaster, spare your innocent flock; so may long-haired boys crowd to hear you and the dainty band around your table hold you in affection, nor any teacher of arithmetic or rapid master of shorthand be surrounded by a larger circle. The bright days glow beneath the flaming Lion and blazing July ripens the roasted harvest. Idle be the Scythian’s leather, fringed with horrid lashes, with which Marsyas of Celaenae was scourged, and the sinister rods, scepters of pedagogues; let them sleep till October’s Ides. If boys keep well in summertime, they learn enough.

ferule

80. Ferulae
Invisae nimium pueris grataeque magistris,
clara Prometheo munere ligna sumus.

80. Rods

Most hateful to boys and agreeable to schoolmasters, we are the sticks made famous by Prometheus’ gift.

ferule

et nos ergo manum ferulae subduximus

This is exactly what you can expect from the greatest and the least of poets. Well, I too have snatched my hand from under the cane. [Corporal punishment was regular in Roman schools.] I too have given Sulla advice, to retire and enjoy a deep sleep.

Ferule

Ferule: A Ferula, or Paulmer used in Schooles for correction; also, the hearbe Ferula, Sagapene, Fennell Giant; also, a reed, or cane.

ferulacée

Ferulacé: Round, also, of the kind of the herbe Ferula.
Ferule: A Ferula, or Paulmer used in Schooles for correction; also, the herbe Ferula, Sagapene, Fennell Giant; also, a reed, or cane.

Ferule

Ferula was used by the Romans to punish schoolboys. Cf. Martial, x. 62, 10; xiv. 80.

ferule

Ferula communis, D. C., ombellifère dont la tige servait à fustiger les écoliers.
Invisæ nimium pueris, gratæque magistris
Clara Prometheo munere ligna sumis, dit Martial, X, 62, 10. Et Juvénal, Sat., I, v. 15: Et nos ergo manum ferulæ subduximus. (Paul Delaunay)

Nenuphar…

Encore une fois, la plupart de ces exemples se retrouvent dans le De latinis nominibus de Charles Estienne. Le nenufar et la semence de saule sont des antiaphrodisiaques. La ferula servait, dans l’Antiquité, à fustiger les écoliers (cf. Martial, X, 62-10).

ferula

ferula. [adopted from Latin ferula giant fennel, a rod.]

A genus of plants; the giant fennel.

1398 John de Trevisa Bartholomeus De proprietatibus rerus xvii. lxxi. (1495) 645 Ferula is an herbe.
1562 William Turner A new herball, the seconde parte ii. 1 b, The nature of Ferula is the sorest enemie that can be to Lampreys.

From the use of the fennel-stalk in Roman times: A cane, rod, or other instrument of punishment, especially a flat piece of wood; figuratively school discipline.

Ferula

Ferula (from Latin ferula, “rod”) is a genus of about 170 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia, mostly growing in arid climates. They are herbaceous perennial plants growing to 1–4 m tall, with stout, hollow, somewhat succulent stems. The leaves are tripinnate or even more finely divided, with a stout basal sheath clasping the stem. The flowers are yellow, produced in large umbels. Many plants of this genus, especially F. communis are referred to as “giant fennel,” although they are not fennel in the strict sense.

The Romans called the hollow light rod made from this plant a ferula (compare also fasces, judicial birches). Such rods were used for walking sticks, splints, for stirring boiling liquids, and for corporal punishment.

The ferula also shows up in mythological contexts. The main shaft of a thyrsus was traditionally made from this plant, and Prometheus smuggled fire to humanity by hiding it in a ferula.

Notes

Aristologia longa

Aristologia rotunda

Aristologia rotunda (text)

Aristologia longa

Aristologia longa (text)

Aristolochia

Aristolochia rotunda
Lang holwurtz

Aristolochia longa

Aristolochia longa L.

aristolochia

D’άριζοζ, optimus, λόχιοζ, ad partum pertinens, λόχοζ, puerpera gravida: herba puerperis utilis.

Aristolochia

Pliny xxv. 8 [?]

aristolochia

De ἄριστοζ, excellent, λόχια, lochies; plante qui, d’après Dioscoride, facilite post partum le flux lochial. « Inter nobilissimas aristolochiæ nomen dedisse gravidæ videnturm quoniam esset ὰρίστη λοχενούσαιζ », dit Pline, XXV, 54. Aristolochia, genre d’Aristolochiées. Pline en mentionne quatre esp.: l’une à tubercules ronds (A. lutea, Desf. ? selon Sprengel; A. rotunda, L. ? pour Fée) ; la 2e, mâle, à racine longue (A. longa, L. ?); la 3e, clematitis ou cretica (A. clematitis, L. ?); la 4e ou plistolochia, ou polyrrhizon (A. pistolochia, L. ?) La plus employée en thérapeutique ancienne était A. longa, L. (Paul Delaunay)

aristolochia

Inter nobilissimas aristolochiae nomen dedisse gravidae videntur, quoniam esset ἀρίστη λεχούσαις. nostri malum terrae vocant et quattuor genera eius servant: unum tuberibus radicis rotundis, foliis inter malvam et hederam, nigrioribus mollioribusque, alterum masculae, radice longa, quattuor digitorum longitudine, baculi crassitudine, tertium longissimae, tenuitate vitis novellae, cuius sit praecipua vis, quae et clematitis vocatur, ab aliis cretica

Among the most celebrated plants aristolochia received its name, as is clear, from women with child, because they considered it to be λεχούσαις, that is, “excellent for women in childbed.” Latin writers call it “earth apple,” distinguishing four kinds of it: one with round tubers on the root, and with leaves partly like those of the mallow and partly like those of ivy, but darker and softer: the second is the male plant, with a long root of four fingers’ length, thick as a walking-stick; the third is very long and as slender as a young vine, with especially strong properties, and is called by some clematitis and by other cretica.

nommés pas leurs vertus et operations

Sauf pour le lichen, tous les détails sont dans De latinis nominibus («Alysson … dicitur (ut ait Galenus) quod mirifice morsus a cane rabido curet. [gk] enim rabiem significat. Ephemerium… quo die sumptum fuerit (ut nominis ipsa ratio ostendit) intermit. Bechion autem appellatum est, quod [gk], id es tusses … juvet. Nasturtium, cresson alenois … dicitur a torquendis naribus. Hyoscame, faba suis, vulgo hannebane, … dicitur … quot pastu ejus convellantur sues ». R. a mal lu ses notes, faisant de hanebanes une plante différente de l’hyoscame.

Aristolochia

De άριστοζ, «excellent», et λόχια, «lochies» (Pline, XX, lxxxiv).

Aristolochie

Aristolochie: Harwort, Birthwort.
Aristolochie longhue. Long Birthwory, or male Birthword.
Aristolochie ronde. Round, or female Birthwort.

Aristolochia

Aristolochia. Forms aristologia, aristology, aristoloch, aristolochy. [adopted from medieval Latin aristologia (also Spanish and Italian), and from French aristoloche, 16th century aristolochie, adaptation of Latin aristolochia, adopted from Greek aristoloxeia, formed on aristoloxoj well-born (from its repute in promoting childbirth).]

A genus of shrubs, of which one species, A. Clematitis, the Common Birthwort, is found in Britain as an old escape from cultivation.

Notes

Aristologia longa

Aristologia rotunda

Aristologia rotunda (text)

Aristologia longa

Aristologia longa (text)

Aristolochia

Aristolochia rotunda
Lang holwurtz

Aristolochia longa

Aristolochia longa L.

aristolochie

Aristolochia, aristoloche, genus de la famille des Aristolochiées, à fleurs hermaphrodites. A la suite des Grecs, Pline en distingue 4 espèces, parmi lesquelles « alterum [genus] mascuoæ, radice longd » (XXV, 54) qui correspond, pour Fée à A. longa L. (Paul Delaunay)

Aristolochia

Inter nobilissimas aristolochiae nomen dedisse gravidae videntur, quoniam esset ἀρίστη λεχούσαις. nostri malum terrae vocant et quattuor genera eius servant: unum tuberibus radicis rotundis, foliis inter malvam et hederam, nigrioribus mollioribusque, alterum masculae, radice longa, quattuor digitorum longitudine, baculi crassitudine, tertium longissimae, tenuitate vitis novellae, cuius sit praecipua vis, quae et clematitis vocatur, ab aliis cretica

Among the most celebrated plants aristolochia received its name, as is clear, from women with child, because they considered it to be λεχούσαις, that is, “excellent for women in childbed.” Latin writers call it “earth apple,” distinguishing four kinds of it: one with round tubers on the root, and with leaves partly like those of the mallow and partly like those of ivy, but darker and softer: the second is the male plant, with a long root of four fingers’ length, thick as a walking-stick; the third is very long and as slender as a young vine, with especially strong properties, and is called by some clematitis and by other cretica.

aristolochie

Edition E: arist ologie

Aristolochie

Aristolochie: Harwort, Birthwort.
Aristolochie longhue. Long Birthwory, or male Birthword.
Aristolochie ronde. Round, or female Birthwort.