par plus haulte resemblance

Tous ces noms sont attestés, sauf «œil de Jupiter» (oculus Iouis), qui est peut-etre une mauvaise lecture pour oculus bouis (Pline, XXV, 8), que Nicot identifie au pissenlit.

Notes

Ciceros

Pliny xviii. 3, § 3.

Notes

les Lentules

Les Lentulus.

Lentuli

Pliny xviii. 3, § 3.

Notes

Pisones

Pliny xviii. 3, § 3.

Notes

Faba

Faba

Fabies

Les Fabius.

Fabii

Pliny xviii. 3, § 3.

Notes

Par reciprocque denomination

Pline, XVIII, 3 : « Cognomina etiam prima inde: […] Pisons a pisendo, jam Fabiorum, Lentulorum, Ciceronum, ut quisque aliquod optime genus sereret».

reciprocal denomination

Ex homine remediorum primum maximae quaestionis et semper incertae est, polleantne aliquid verba et incantamenta carminum. quod si verum est, homini acceptum fieri oportere conveniat, sed viritim sapientissimi cuiusque respuit fides, in universum vero omnibus horis credit vita nec sentit. quippe victimas caedi sine precatione non videtur referre aut deos rite consuli. praeterea alia sunt verba inpetritis, alia depulsoriis, alia commendationis, videmusque certis precationibus obsecrasse summos magistratus et, ne quod verborum praetereatur aut praeposterum dicatur, de scripto praeire aliquem rursusque alium custodem dari qui adtendat, alium vero praeponi qui favere linguis iubeat, tibicinem canere, ne quid aliud exaudiatur, utraque memoria insigni, quotiens ipsae dirae obstrepentes nocuerint quotiensve precatio erraverit, sic repente extis adimi capita vel corda aut geminari victima stante. durat inmenso exemplo Deciorum patris filiique quo se devovere carmen, extat Tucciae Vestalis incesti deprecatio qua usa aquam in cribro tulit anno urbis DXVIIII. boario vero in foro Graecum Graecamque defossos aut aliarum gentium cum quibus tum res esset etiam nostra aetas vidit. cuius sacri precationem qua solet praeire XVvirum collegii magister si quis legat, profecto vim carminum fateatur, ea omnia adprobantibus DCCCXXX annorum eventibus. Vestales nostras hodie credimus nondum egressa urbe mancipia fugitiva retinere in loco precatione, cum, si semel recipiatur ea ratio et deos preces aliquas exaudire aut ullis moveri verbis, confitendum sit de tota coniectatione. prisci quidem nostri perpetuo talia prodidere, difficillimumque ex his etiam fulmina elici, ut suo loco docuimus.

Of the remedies derived from man, the first raises a most important question, and one never settled: have words and formulated incantations any effect? If they have, it would be right and proper to give the credit to mankind. As individuals, however, all our wisest men reject belief in them, although as a body the public at all times believes in them unconsciously. In fact the sacrifice of victims without a prayer is supposed to be of no effect; without it too the gods are not thought to be properly consulted. Moreover, there is one form of words for getting favourable omens, another for averting evil, and yet another for a commendation. We see also that our chief magistrates have adopted fixed formulas for their prayers; that to prevent a word’s being omitted or out of place a reader dictates beforehand the prayer from a script; that another attendant is appointed as a guard to keep watch, and yet another is put in charge to maintain a strict silence; that a piper plays so that nothing but the prayer is heard. Remarkable instances of both kinds of interference are on record: cases when the noise of actual ill omens has ruined the prayer, or when a mistake has been made in the prayer itself; then suddenly the head of the liver, or the heart, has disappeared from the entrails, or these have been doubled, while the victim was standing. There has come down to us a striking example of ritual in that with which the Deciia father and son, devoted themselves; extant too is the plea of innocence uttered by the Vestal Tuccia when, accused of unchastity, she carried water in a sieve, in the year of the City six hundred and nine. Our own generation indeed even saw buried alive in the Cattle Market a Greek man and a Greek woman, and victims from other peoples with whom at the time we were at war. The prayer used at this ceremony is wont to be dictated by the Master of the College of the Quindecimviri, and if one reads it one is forced to admit that there is power in ritual formulas, the events of eight hundred and thirty years showing this for all of them. It is believed today that our Vestal virgins by a spell root to the spot runaway slaves, provided they have not left the City bounds, and yet, if this view is once admitted, that the gods hear certain prayers, or are moved by any form of words, the whole question must be answered in the affirmative. Our ancestors, indeed, reported such wonders again and again, and that, most impossible of all, even lightning can be brought by charms from the sky, as I have mentioned on the proper occasion.

Par reciprocque denomination

Ravisius Textor, Officina, «Denominationes a naturalibus seu accidentariis casibus» : «Pisones a pisis leguminibus, quae optime serebant, ut Fabii a fabis, Lentuli a lente, Cicerones a cicere.»

reciprocque denomination

Notes

Cornix

197. Cornix (crow)
column miniature

Plantago

Plantago coronopous

Coronopus Kraenfuss
Taxon: Plantago coronopous L.
English: buck’s-horn plantain

coronopus

Aculeatarum caules aliquarum per terram serpunt, ut eius quam coronopum vocant. e diverso stat anchusa inficiendo ligno cerisque radicis aptae, stant e mitioribus anthemis et phyllanthes et anemone et aphace. caule foliato est crepis et lotos.

The stems of some prickly plants trail along the ground, those for example of the plant called coronopus. On the other hand anchusa (alkanet), the root of which is used for dyeing wood and wax, stands upright, as do, of the cultivated kinds, anthemis, phyllanthes, anemone and aphace. Crepis and lotus have a foliated stem.

coronopus

De χορωνοπουζ, mot composé de χορωνη, corneille, et πουζ, pied.

Coronopus

Pliny xxi. 16, § 59.

coronopous

De χορωη, corneille, πουζ, pied, allusion à la forme des feuilles. «Aculeatarum caules aliquarum per terram serpunt, ut ejus quam coronopum vocant», Pline, XXI, 59. Fée y veut voir une Crucifére, Cochlearia coronopus, L.; Sainéan, une Légumineuse, Lotus ornithopodioides, L. Mais la plante conservée dans l’herbier de Rauwolff, à Leyde, sous le nom de Coronopus vulgaris est une Plantaginée, notre Plantago coronopus, L. (Paul Delaunay)

pas similitude

Toutes ces plantes, dans De latinis nominibus, sauf pour le delphinium.

Coronopous

De χοφώνη, «corneille», et ποῦζ, «pied» (Pline, XXI, lix).

Notes

Equis (horse)

91.Equus (horse)
Fol. 18r

The Little Horse

Hippuris

Equisaetum hippuris Graecis dicta et in pratis vituperata nobis—est autem pilus terrae equinae saetae similis—lienes cursorum extinguit decocta fictili novo ad tertias quantum vas capiat et per triduum heminis pota. unctis esculentis ex ante diem unum interdicitur. Graecorum varia circa hanc opinio: alii pinus foliis similem nigricantem eodem nomine appellant, vim eius admirabilem tradentes, sanguinis profluvia vel tacto tantum ea homine sisti, alii hippurin, alii ephedron, alii anabasim vocant, traduntque iuxta arbores nasci et scandentem eas dependere comis iunceis multis nigris ut ex equorum cauda, geniculatis ramulis, folia habere pauca, tenuia, exigua, semen rotundum, simile coriandro, radice lignosa, nasci in arbustis maxime. vis eius spissare corpora. sucus sanguinem e naribus fluentem inclusus sistit, item alvum. medetur dysintericis in vino dulci potus cyathis tribus, urinam ciet, tussim, orthopnoeam sanat, item rupta et quae serpunt. intestinis et vesicae folia bibuntur, enterocelen cohibet. faciunt et aliam hippurim brevioribus et mollioribus comis candidioribusque, perquam utilem ischiadicis et vulneribus ex aceto inpositam propter sistendum sanguinem. et nymphaea trita plagis inponitur. peucedanum cum semine cupressi bibitur, si sanguis per os redditus est fluxitve ab infernis. sideritis tantam vim habet ut quamvis recenti gladiatoris vulneri inligata sanguinem claudat, quod facit et ferulae cinis vel carbo, fungus vero etiam efficacius, qui secundum radicem eius nascitur.

Equisaetum, called hippuris by the Greeks, and found fault with by me when I discussed meadow land [See XVIII § 259] —it is in fact “hair of the earth” resembling horse hair—reduces the spleen of runners if as much as the pot will hold is boiled down to one third in new earthenware, and taken in drink for three days in doses of one hemina. There must be abstinence from fatty foods for at least one day previously. The Greeks hold various views about this plant; some under the same name speak of a dark plant with leaves like those of the pine, assuring us that, so wonderful is its nature, its mere touch stanches a patient’s bleeding; some call it hippuris, others ephedron, others anabasis. Their account is that it grows near trees, which it climbs, and hangs down in many dark, rush-like hairs as if from a horse’s tail; that its little branches are jointed, and its leaves few, slender and small; that the seed is round, resembling that of coriander, that its root is ligneous, and that it grows mostly in plantations. Its property is to brace the body. Its juice, kept in the nostrils, checks haemorrhage therefrom, and it also checks looseness of the bowels. Taken in a sweet wine, in doses of three cyathi, it is good for dysentery, promotes passing of urine, and cures cough and orthopnoea, ruptures also and spreading sores. The leaves are taken in drink for complaints of the bowels and bladder; the plant itself reduces intestinal hernia. The Greeks recognise yet another hippuris, which has shorter, softer and paler hairs, making a very useful application in vinegar for sciatica, and also for cuts, as it stanches the flow of blood. Nymphaea also beaten up is applied to wounds from blows, and peucedanum with cypress seed is taken in drink if blood is brought up through the mouth or flows from the lower passages. Sideritis has such a powerful effect that if bandaged to a gladiator’s wound, however recent, it stops the bleeding, as does also the ash or cinders of fennel-giant, though more efficacious still is the fungus that grows about its root.

equisetum

herba optima in prato trifolii, proxima graminis, pessima nummuli siliquam etiam diram ferentis; invisa et equisaeti est, a similitudine equinae saetae.

The best crop in meadow land is trefoil, the next best grass; money-wort is the worst, and it also bears a terrible pod; horse-hair [The plant now called ‘horse-tail’], named from its resemblance to horses’ hair, is also a hateful weed.

hippuris

Du grecv ἲππουριζ, cristam ex setis equinis habens: de οὐρα, cauda, et ἲπποζ, equus.

Hippuris

Pliny xxvi. 13, §83.

Hippuris

Hippuris, de ϊπποζ, cheval, ὀνρά queue, allusion à la forme de la plante. — «Equisetum hippuris a Græcis dicta, … est autem pilus tertræ, equinæ setæ similis. » Pline, XXVI, 83. Ce nom, aujourd’hui transféré à une Hippuricacée (Hippuris vulgaris, L.), désignait alors la prêle ou Equisetum. Sainéan (L’histoire naturelle et les branches connexes dans l’œuvre de Rabelais, 122) y voit l’Elimosum, L. Pour Fée, l’hippuris ou ephedron de Pline est E. sylvaticum L. et l’hippuris altera E. arvense, L. (Paul Delaunay)

hippuris

thus hippuris, meaning horsetail, because shavegrass looks like horses’ tails…

pas similitude

Toutes ces plantes, dans De latinis nominibus, sauf pour le delphinium.

Hippuris

De ϊπποζ, «cheval», et οὐφά, «queue» (Pline, XXVI, lxxxiii).

pas similitude

Toutes ces plantes, dans De latinis nominibus, sauf pour le delphinium.